Indo-Pak 2025: The War That Shook South Asia

 

Prelude to Crisis: The Pahalgam Attack

On April 22, 2025, a devastating attack in Pahalgam, Indian-administered Kashmir, resulted in the deaths of 26 individuals, primarily Hindu tourists. The assailants, reportedly members of the Islamic Resistance Front—a faction linked to the Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Taiba—targeted non-Muslim civilians, escalating long-standing tensions between India and Pakistan. 

Diplomatic Fallout

In response, India suspended the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty, closed the Attari–Wagah border, and expelled Pakistani diplomats. Pakistan retaliated by halting the 1972 Shimla Agreement, closing airspace, and expelling Indian diplomats. These actions marked a significant deterioration in bilateral relations.

Military Escalation

Both nations conducted military exercises near the Line of Control (LoC). India's "Exercise Aakraman" involved Rafale and Sukhoi Su-30MKI jets, while Pakistan test-fired the Abdali surface-to-surface missile. These maneuvers heightened fears of an impending conflict.

Economic Impact

The war's economic repercussions were severe. India's GDP growth plummeted, with estimates suggesting a daily cost of ₹5,000 crore. The fiscal deficit surged by 50%, and the rupee depreciated to ₹100 against the US dollar. Foreign investments dwindled, and inflation soared.

Humanitarian Crisis

The conflict led to widespread displacement. In Kashmir, over 2,000 individuals were detained, and numerous homes were demolished during crackdowns. Civilians described the situation as a "living hell," with reports of extrajudicial actions and collective punishment. 

Global Repercussions

The international community expressed deep concern. While some nations called for restraint, others feared the conflict's potential to escalate into a nuclear confrontation. The war underscored the fragile security architecture of South Asia.

Conclusion

The 2025 Indo-Pak war was a stark reminder of the volatile nature of regional geopolitics. The conflict not only reshaped the political and economic landscapes of both nations but also left an indelible mark on the collective psyche of South Asia.